一、下载MySQL5.6.38安装包
下载地址：https://www.mysql.com/downloads/ 打开网站之后选择Archives
然后再选择开源版本
选择我们要下载的版本：
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

二、编译安装MySQL5.6.38

# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

创建系统帐号

# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql

关闭SELinux

# setenforce 0
# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config

安装依赖包

# yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
# yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf -y

上面如果没有下载安装包，可直接wget下载

# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.38.tar.gz

# tar xf mysql-5.6.38.tar.gz 
# cd mysql-5.6.38/

# 进行编译安装
[ ~/mysql-5.6.38]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.38 # 指定安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.38/data # 指定数据目录
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.38/mysql.sock # 指定sock文件位置
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 # 默认字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci # 默认编码
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all # 其它额外字符集
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 # 支持的存储引擎
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled # 编译其它功能SSL、ZLIB等
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc

[ ~/mysql-5.6.38]# make && make install                                              # 编译并安装数据库

# 做软链接并给MySQL目录授权

# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.38/ /usr/local/mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

mysql-5.7.35的编译参数

https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz # 浏览器拷贝网址直接下载，然后再上传到服务器

tar xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
ln -s /usr/local/boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/app/mysql-5.7.35 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/app/mysql-5.7.35/data  -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/app/mysql-5.7.35/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
make && make install

# 做软链接并给MySQL目录授权

ln -s /data/app/mysql-5.7.35 /data/app/mysql 
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/app/mysql-5.7.35/

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

touch /data/log/mysql.log

chown mysql.mysql /data/log/mysql.log

/data/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/data/app/mysql --datadir=/data/app/mysql/data --user=mysql

cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
server_id=1
port=3306
basedir=/data/app/mysql
datadir=/data/app/mysql/data
socket=/data/app/mysql/mysql.sock
log_bin=/data/app/mysql/mysql-bin
log_error=/data/log/mysql.log
character-set-server=utf8

[client]
socket=/data/app/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF

三、初始化数据目录

# MySQL 5.6初始化数据库的命令：

# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data -user=mysql

# MySQL 5.7初始化数据库的命令：
/data/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/data/app/mysql --datadir=/data/app/mysql/data --user=mysql

四、拷贝启动服务的脚本

# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld

五、改环境变量

# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
# source /etc/profile

六、改配置文件，并启动数据库

# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1
port=3306
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock 
log_bin=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-bin
log_error=/var/log/mysql.log
character-set-server=utf8

[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

七、设置数据库密码并清空MySQL不安全帐号

# mysqladmin -u root password 123456
# mysql -uroot -p123456

# 清除不安全的用户，先查询用户名为空和没有密码的

> select user,password,host from mysql.user;
> drop user root@'127.0.0.1';
> drop user ''@'localhost';